The aim of the work is to determine the properties of the ultra-wideband scanning antenna array of wire emitters. A single element of the grid is a three-dimensional antenna Vivaldi. Numerical simulation of antenna arrays and single Vivaldi emitters was carried out by the method of integral equations in the thin-wire approximation using the original program and the MMANA program. The dimensions of all elements of a single emitter are determined by the criterion of matching and the shape of the radiation pattern for operation in the frequency range 2–18 GHz. The described variant of the antenna according to the matching criterion (SWR < 2) has a frequency overlap coefficient of 12. The narrowing of the frequency band of a single emitter in the composition of non-scanning and scanning gratings within the angle of 30 degrees is determined. The article deals with the range properties of antenna arrays depending on the parameters of the emitters and the possibility of phase scanning. It is shown that the greatest frequency band in agreement has a lattice with a minimum step of placement of emitters. In a flat antenna array, when scanning in the H-plane, the frequency band according to the matching criterion decreases by 2–3 times. It is shown that the linear lattice without scanning has a frequency overlap coefficient equal to 6 according to the criterion of matching emitters. This ratio decreases as the phase scan sector increases. In a flat lattice, the frequency overlap coefficient and the phase scan sector are smaller than in a linear lattice and decrease with the number of rows. The reduced antenna array has a number of design advantages and can be used in systems with ultra-wideband signals.

We present a moments-based approach to the performance analysis of L-branch equal-gain combining and maximal-ratio combining receivers, operating in independent or correlated, not necessarily identically distributed, Weibull fading. For both equal-gain combining and maximal-ratio combining receivers the moments of the output signal-to-noise ratio are obtained in closed-form. An accurate approximate expression is derived for the moment-generating function of the output signal-to-noise ratio of the equal-gain combining receiver utilizing the Padé approximants theory, while a closed-form expression for the corresponding MGF of the maximal-ratio combining receiver, is obtained. Significant performance criteria, such as average output signal-to-noise ratio, amount of fading and spectral efficiency at the low power regime, are extracted in closed-forms, using the moments of the output signal-to-noise ratio for both independent and correlative fading. Moreover, using the well-known moment-generating function approach, the outage and the average symbol error probability for several coherent, non-coherent, binary, and multilevel modulation schemes, are studied. The average symbol error probability of dual-branch equal-gain combining and maximal-ratio combining receivers is also obtained when correlative fading is considered in the diversity input branches. The proposed mathematical analysis is illustrated by various numerical results and validated by computer simulations.

The purpose of the work, the results of which are presented within the framework of the article, was to analyze the operation of the radar goniometer system under the conditions of a signal generated by coherent radiation sources from two points in space (cross-eye interference). To achieve the goal in the present work, a study was made of the dependence of the settings of the goniometric system on the ratio of the parameters of the cross-eye jammer and the angular coordinate meter itself. As a goniometric system, an angular coordinate meter was used, operating by the method of amplitude instantaneous signal comparison. The studies were carried out by the method of theoretical analysis of the influence of the radiation pattern parameters of the antenna system of the meter on the result of measuring the angular position of a virtual radiation source. As a result, an equation is obtained that relates the angular position of the virtual radiation source with the radiation pattern parameters of the antenna system of the meter, the shape of which was approximated by a gaussian curve. To illustrate the functioning of the goniometric system at specific values of the parameters supplied to its input signals, the method of mathematical modeling was used. Modeling was performed for the given parameters, which determine both the position of the radiation sources in space and the algorithm of operation of the angular coordinate meter. Based on the results obtained, it is shown that the angular coordinate meter has three stationary states corresponding to the position of the virtual radiation source in space. It is shown that only two of these states are stable. The latter means that, depending on the initial conditions, the angular coordinate meter can fix one of the two possible positions of the virtual radiation source in space. The scientific novelty of this work is to establish a relationship between the position of the virtual radiation source in space and the parameters of the angular coordinate meter.

The purpose of the work, the results of which are presented in the article, was to develop a computerized mathematical model of the ladder filter to study the features of the synthesis of matching chains of any order on its basis. To achieve this goal, all the synthesis tasks were solved, including the choice of the prototype, frequency transposition, calculation of the poles of the transfer function of the prototype, calculation of the poles of the transfer function of the filter, calculation of the reflection coefficient of the filter, the calculation of the input resistance of the filter, the implementation of the ladder chain by the Cauer method and denormalization of the values of the elements of the ladder chain. Modeling of characteristics of ladder filters of any high order with frequency characteristic of Chebyshev on the computer with 32-bit operating system is carried out. It is shown that the use of standard mathematics leads to a significant increase in the error of matching of loads at increasing the order of the chain. To increase the accuracy of calculations it is proposed to use software that allows implementing mathematical operations on variables with any length of the mantissa. There are computer libraries where numbers are presented in the form of string type variables and arithmetic operations are carried out on them according to school rules “ in a column ” . Once the calculations are completed, the strings are converted back to normal numbers. The article considers the application of the variant of BigNumber library for high level JavaScript language. To estimate the accuracy of the calculation it is proposed to apply the property of antimetric ladder structure. From the presented results of the calculation it follows that in order to obtain not less than 15 reliable digits after the decimal point for the parameters of the n-th order filter it is necessary to increase the length of the variable mantissa to the value 2n.

We report the results of studies of triplet superconductivity in structures with alternating superconductor and ferromagnet layers, as a part of the general problem of the properties of the spectra of superconductivity states depending on the magnetic state of the multilayer structure. Ferromagnetic layers are assumed monodomain and possessing inplane magnetic moments. In numerical examples, we used the parameters of the well-studied Nb/PdNi system. The critical temperatures and distributions of singlet and triplet currents depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers are calculated in the formalism of the Usadel equations for 5- and 3-layer irregular structures. The following results are obtained. (1) The channeling effect of triplet pairs by a narrow central layer of a superconductor with complete suppression of the singlet component in it was confirmed. (2) The “0–1”-transition between the phases of a superconducting condensate of opposite symmetry induced by the transport current is predicted. (3) The effect of a double crossover of states on the dependence of the critical temperature, T_c, versus the angle θ between the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers adjacent to the central layer of the superconductor in a 3-layer structure is predicted. The crossovers are reflected by a sharp turns in the T_c (θ) curve, while the infinitely small asymmetry of the structure eliminates the non-analyticity of this characteristic.

The article presents the results of preliminary research in the wideband transformer development for matching low-ohms loads in the very high frequency band with the use of a coupled transmission lines. The transmission line was produced with the using of a polyimide in the form of flexible printed circuit board. This way may be useful for wideband matching different cascades with custom values of input and output impedance in the wide band of frequencies and powers with use of a defining impedance capability with a load character in mind. On the first stage, the computer simulation of transformer with a transformer ratio 4:1 in the band (40–240 MHz) was completed for limiting values of input and output resistances – 50 and 12,5 Ohms respectively. Results of simulation give us the data about constructive parameters of the transmission line. The measurement technique for insertion loss was worked out. The reason of that is an impossibility of appliance standard methods with using a network vector analyzer. The prototyping was done and values of the standing wave ratio and inserting losses were obtained for different levels of the input power. According to received data, it can be affirmed, that the manufactured transformer provides the standing wave ratio better (lower) that two. Inserting losses vary from 0,02 to 1,54 dB depending from a input power level (1– 1000 mW). The obtained results afford ground for working continuation in this field – a development of wideband transformers for matching of low-ohms loads.

The purpose of the scientific research, results are determinated in the article, is to analytically synthesize the control law of an unmanned aerial vehicle while guiding one along the trajectory that specified by the reference points of space in an inertial coordinate system. The analysis of various existing approaches of the formation of a given flight path of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on various mathematical formulations of the problem is carried out. To achieve the goal, the flight path is considered as separate intervals, where the control optimization problem is solved. The optimization criterion in general form is substantiated and its presentation in the form of a minimized quadratic quality functional is convenient for analytical control synthesis. As components of the functional, the parameters of the deviation of the flight path of the aircraft from the specified points of space are considered, as well as the predicted parameters of the velocity vector and the control normal acceleration. Moreover, at each specified point in space, the direction of the trajectory to the subsequent point is taken into account, that ensures optimal curvature of the trajectory by specified flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle. As a result of analytical synthesis, mathematical dependences are obtained to determine control acceleration, which allow us to get a specified optimal control law on board an unmanned aerial vehicle, which ultimately ensures minimum energy consumption. The validity of the proposed theoretical provisions is confirmed by a clear example, where for a simplified mathematical problem statement the optimal laws of change in control acceleration and the trajectory parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle are calculated by computer simulation.

The technological process of manufacturing ultra-large integrated circuits includes a number of stages, one of which is the preparation with the help of computer-aided design of input information for the image generator photodetector. Creating a control program for image generation generates a large number of problems, many of which are solved by methods of computational geometry and usually operate with geometric objects such as polygon or rectangle. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for performing a set-theoretic intersection operation on topological objects of the polygon type. The paper analyzes the different variants of the intersection of the sides of polygons with each other and introduces the concept of degenerate and possible intersection points. The rules are formulated to identify degenerate points of intersection of the sides of polygons in order to reduce the number of fragments into which the boundaries of polygons are divided by intersection points, as well as to clarify the status of possible intersection points. Two methods of finding the intersection of polygons are proposed: a simpler basic method, applicable to a wide range of practical problems, and a more complex General method, used in practice much less often. The material of the article relates to research related to the General task of developing a software system for the preparation of topological information for microphotoset image generators.

The purpose of this work is to provide the estimation of the potential abilities of analytic broadband matching methods for complicated load terminations. The article covers the problem of synthesis of mylti-band frequency response matching circuits. Results presented in the article are of prime interest for communications systems from one point and the lack of advanced analytic methods from another. The problem of multiband impedance matching is under consideration. Presented is the method of synthesis of multiband matching circuits for arbitrary complex loads, based on the generalized Darlington approach to the lumped circuits design. Frequency response for the synthesis is obtained as a result of double-band reactance transformation in the process of reflection coefficient factorization. The factorization results in the analytic representation of the reflection coefficient function on the complex surface. This method allows to identify functional limitations on broadband matching and for the first time to obtain analytical solutions for the loads of practical value. Application of the method is demonstrated in the detailed procedure of realization of double-band Batterworth frequency response for the resonance load (RLC-load). It would be pertinent to stress, that presented results concerning the double-band synthesis of resonance load have no coverage in technical literature. The method also features the analytic description of the design parameters as functions of load termination parameters which provides a road-map to conceptual design of multiband matching circuits.

The kinetics of phase contents modification in the process of SrBaFeMoO_6–δ crystallization from a stoichiometric mixture of SrCO₃ + BaCO₃ + 0,5Fe₂O₃ + MoO₃ simple oxides using the solid phase method has been investigated. In the temperature region of 300–1200°С, a number of endotermic effects have been detected. Herewith, the first one (with maximum around 552°С) and the third one (with maximum around 743°С) are accompanying by the significant decrease of the mass of specimen. In the temperature range of 946–1200°С, the mass change of specimen is practically not observable, while the thermal effect is still present, and the specimen remains not single-phase one. This indicates the difficulty of the flow of solid phase reactions with the formation of solid solution of barium-strontium ferromolybdate. During analysis of the change of the phase composition consisting of a mixture of initial reagents of stoichiometric relation SrCO₃ + BaCO₃ + 0,5Fe₂O₃ + MoO₃, it has been observed that with increasing temperature, complex compounds BaMoO₄, SrFeO₃ appear almost simultaneously, then SrBaFeMoO_6–δ appears consequently. Thus, the compounds BaMoO₄ и SrFeO₃, are structure forming for the solid solution of barium-strontium ferromolybdate. With further temperature increase up to 770°С the formation of new compound ВаFeO₃ with disappearing SrFeO₃ was detected. In this case, the amount of double perovskite increases faster than that of barium molybdate. The main accompanying compounds at the crystallization of the SrBaFeMoO_6–δ double perovskite solid solution are BaMoO₄ and SrFeO₃. It was established that at the initial stage of the interaction, the resulting solid solution of barium-strontium ferromolybdate is enriched with iron and its composition changes during the reaction in the direction of an increase of the molybdenum content, as in the case of other precursor combinations.

The most promising in the THz range is traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) and backward-wave tubes (BWTs) on a serpentine-curved (zigzag-rolled) rectangular waveguide. They are implemented in the THz range (220 GHz), although their characteristics are far from satisfactory due to the strict restriction on the tape electron beam width, that does not allow reaching the summarizing beam current optimum level. To replace the zigzag convoluted waveguide with the spiraled for the TWT and BWT on a curved rectangular waveguide is the best way to remove the ribbon beam width restriction. In the early TWT and BWT design a waveguide planar spiral was also flat in the upper and lower parts connected by vertical idle (without beam) transitions. Proposed design can be significantly improved both in relation to the electron interaction process with the waveguide field and in relation to the TWT-BWT manufacturing technology if instead of a planar waveguide spiral, a circular one is used. The article proposes the TWT designing a terahertz rectangular waveguide folded as a circular spiral. The design differs from the previously proposed TWT with a planar-spiral waveguide by the improved interaction conditions between the electron beam and the waveguide field, as well as the manufacturing technology simplification for terahertz range. Based on numerical simulation, it is shown that proposed TWT achieves G_н = 42÷48 dB saturation gain in the 220 GHz range with the waveguide turn number n = 40÷50. The proposed TWT design on a rectangular waveguide folded in a circular spiral is more technologically advanced than the TWT on a planar-spiral waveguide. In the most necessary 220 GHz range the efficiency is very high and can provide the need for amplifiers and generators in this and other ranges. We also note that the TWT on a spirally folded waveguide can operate in the BWT mode and, moreover, simultaneously in the TWT and BWT modes.

Multilevel optimization problems often arise in various applications (in economics, ecology, power engineering and other areas) when modeling complex systems with a hierarchical structure associated with independent actions of subsystems. The difficulty of analyzing such complex systems requires first of all the study of bilevel models, the management of which would be an integral part of the analysis of more complex systems. In solving bilevel programming problems, an important role is played by the property of partial calmness, the presence of which allows us to reduce the bilevel problem to the classical nonlinear programming problem with a nonsmooth objective function. It is known that linear bilevel programming problems are partially stable. The proof of this property for more complex problems meets difficulties. In particular, our article shows the inaccuracy of some results in this area. The goal of the paper is to obtain some new results in the partial calmness of bilevel programming. In particular, new sufficient conditions for bilevel problems are proved. The results are obtained on the base of Lipschitz-like properties for multivalued mappings. In the paper we propose new sufficient conditions for partial calmness which are based on some modification of the known constraint qualification RCPLD which have been proposed by the researches Andreani, Haeser, Schuverdt and Silva.

The aim of the work, the results of which are presented in the framework of the article, was to study the of electromagnetic radiation interaction laws in the frequency range 0.7…17 GHz with two-layer structures, the surface layer of which was made using powdered titanium dioxide, and the inner layer was made using a powder material based on oxide ferric iron. The thickness of the layers of the studied structures varied from 0.3 to 1 cm. To achieve this goal, theobjectives associated with the development of a methodology for the manufacture of multilayer structures based on composite materials containing transition metal oxides, as well as with the measurement of such structures samples electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission coefficients in the frequency range 0.7...17 GHz. These measurements were carried out using a panoramic meter of reflection and transmission coefficients SNA 0.01–17. Based on the obtained measurement results, it was shown that in the frequency range 0.7…2 GHz, the lowest values of electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient, reaching –20 dB, are characterized by structures whose surface layer thickness is 1 cm, and in the range 2 ... 17 GHz – structures, thickness the surface layer of which is 0.5 or 1 cm (depending on the thickness of the inner layer). The values of electromagnetic radiation transmission coefficient in the frequency range of 0.7...17 GHz of such structures reach –23 dB. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to use the considered structures in the process of creating shielded rooms or improving the latter (for example, in cases, when it's necessary to reduce the level of passive interference in rooms shielded with metal materials).

During solution of engineering problems of machinery dynamics a need of revealing the harmonic components often arises in the narrow timing gate. This requires the use of wavelet-transformation oscillation methods and introduction of intelligent systems to hardware and software used in the experiment. The wavelet is considered as a short in time signal functional window, which has its internal structure in the form of a fading wavelike burst, and it is characterized by a scale of display of certain events in the field of the signal frequency spectrum, as well as and by time axis shifts. Complex-functioned continuous functions of real arguments (Daubechies wavelets, Gaussian wavelets, MHat-wavelets), complex-valued functions of real arguments (Morlet and Paul wavelets), as well as real discrete functions (HААRT- and FHat-wavelets) are used as wavelet functions. The wavelet analysis method of vibration signals is disclosed at acoustic diagnostics of machines and mechanisms. Digital implementation of discrete indications of wavelets with the subsequent visualization of results in the form of scalotons is the mathematical basis of the algorithm for procession of vibration signals. It has been suggested that engineering analysis and reconstruction of signals should be implemented by means of directed and reverse continuous wavelet conversions, which are discrete by arguments. The structural and functional scheme of the multichannel system of the intelligent wavelet analysis of vibration signals in machines has been considered. The intelligent system for study of vibration signals makes it possible to form the totality of photographic parameters, when scalotons are calculated by wavelet functions. An example of experimental implementation of the wavelet conversion method of vibration signals parameters is shown. Results of scalotons calculation are shown, when MHat-wavelet and DOG-wavelet are used.

One of the main means of reducing aerodynamic noise is the use of silencers, which can be made of various porous materials, depending on the specific operating conditions. The aim of the work is to study the dependence of the noise reduction on the characteristics of porous permeable materials (PPM) obtained by vibration molding from metal powders. Such PPMs have a wide range of porosity, high permeability, mechanical strength, provide the ability to work in a wide temperature range, high corrosion resistance, and therefore find more and more widespread application in practice. When designing silencers, their pore size, permeability, mechanical strength, cost, and the chemical composition of the material are taken into account. Basic research methods – determination of noise level, powder particle size, permeability coefficient, pore size. Vibration molding of PPM samples for experimental studies was carried out on a ВЭДС 10-1А vibration bench with vibration parameters that ensured the maximum bulk density of the powder in the mold (acceleration 10 m/s², frequency 500 Hz). Main results – the dependence of the noise reduction value on the PPM characteristics obtained by the method of vibration molding of metal powders of various grades of various particle size distribution was studied. It has been shown that the most effective damping is provided by PPM from spherical bronze powder of the БрОФ10-1 grade with particle sizes of 350–400 microns, which provides at the same time a combination of a high level of noise reduction and high permeability to air or gas. It was found that the thickness of the muff significantly affects the efficiency of noise suppression, while the minimum thickness of the muff, which provides a sufficiently high degree of noise reduction, is about 3.5 mm, therefore it is not practical to increase the thickness of the muffler material above this value.

The analysis was carried out in order to clarify the estimates of the expected restrictions on characteristics of new-generation mobile communications (4G, 5G) under the existing restrictions on radiated power of subscriber radio equipment, as well as in conditions where the boundaries of urban sites are outside of the area of free radio waves propagation (RWP) between subscriber and base stations. Analysis was performed using the basic principles and ensemble models of statistical theory of electromagnetic environment, as well as the basic principles of information theory that determines the radio channel capacity in presence of interference. Frequency-independent relationships have been obtained for estimating a number of system parameters of cellular communications under the conditions of multipath RWP in urban canyons and the presence of internal system interference: estimation the required equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of subscriber stations, the maximum data transmission capacity of the backward radio channel, the maximum distance of qualitative communication, and also the permissible level of internal radio interference at given requirements for communication range, and the information transfer rate of reverse radio channel taking into account the accepted restrictions on EIRP of subscriber radio equipment. The obtained relations allowus to estimate the limits of possible values of these system parameters of modern and future mobile communications; these relations also provide the opportunity to justify the quality requirements for ensuring the intra-system electromagnetic compatibility at the required data rate in backward radio channels of cellular networks and the existing restrictions on EIRP of subscriber stations.

In this paper authors present the results of a research that had a purpose to develop a method of constructing a neuroregulator model for the case of optimization of the control structure of a technological cycle. The method's implementation is based upon the automation of a production process when a physical controller, that operates the technological process according to a given program, is present. In order to achieve this goal, the artificial neural network approaches were implemented to create a mathematical model of the neuroregulator. The mathematical model of the neuroregulator is based on a physical prototype, and the procedure of a real-time control synthesis (adaptive control) is based on recurrent neural network training. The neural network architecture includes LSTM blocks, which are capable of storing information for long periods of time. A method is proposed for constructing a neuroregulator model for control of a production cycle when solving the task of the optimal trajectory finding on the phase plane of the technological cycle states. In the considered task of the optimal trajectory finding the mathematical model of the neuroregulator receives at each moment of time information about the current system state, the adjacent system states and the movement direction on the phase plane of states. Movement direction is determined by the given control optimization criteria. Based on the research results it was found that recurrent networks with LSTM modules can be used successfully as an approximator for the agent's Q-function to solve the given problem when the partially observed region of system states has a complex structure. The choice of the method of adaptation to the control actions and the external environmental disturbances proposed in the paper satisfies the requirements for the adatation process performance, as well as the requierments for the control processes quality, when there is lack of information about the nature of random control disturbances. The experimental environment, as well as the neural network models was implemented using the Python programming language with TensorFlow library.

The rapid development of technologies in the field of radiation therapy allows us nowadays to implement precision and most clinically effective radiotherapy techniques for oncological patient’s treatment to minimize the irradiation of normal tissues and improve local tumor control. An important condition for the implementation of the justification principle is strict compliance with the requirements for the accuracy of the dose delivered. High standards of radiation treatments performed are guaranteed by the development and strict compliance with the quality assurance (QA) program in the radiological department. However, due to QA programmes specificity, standardized and worldwide used tests included in the quality management system are trivial mechanical and dosimetric tests that can’t define the presence and magnitude of the integral error in the dose delivered to the patient, which arises as a result of the execution of sophisticated radiation therapy procedures, as well as to take into account the complexity of the implementation of modern methods of treatment. The aim of the work is to develop a method of complex dosimetric testing of the radiation therapy process (end-to-end audit), based on the utilization of the anthropomorphic phantom of the original design. The result of this work is the creation of the modified anthropomorphic phantom for precision dosimetric measurements, designed for testing the following technological procedures of the radiation therapy process: a computer tomography acquisition; a computerized treatment planning system, including a contouring module and dose distribution calculation algorithm; imaging systems integrated with radiation treatment units; dosimetric and technical characteristics of the radiation treatment units. Regular dosimetric testing of the radiation therapy technological process (end-to-end audit) with utilization of the technique proposed by the authors, based on the developed anthropomorphic phantom usage, will allow to assess the accuracy of dose distribution delivered to patients with all major malignant tumors localizations.

The results of modeling the scattering intensities of charge carriers in graphene located on a substrate of hexagonal boron nitride are presented. Graphene is considered a promising material for the formation of new semiconductor devices with good characteristics for the microwave and HF bands. Formulas are presented that allow modeling of the main electron scattering intensities in a single layer of graphene placed on a substrate of boron nitride. The dependences of the scattering intensity on optical phonons associated with the interface between graphene and a layer of hexagonal boron nitride are obtained when the thickness of the gap between these layers changes. Simulation of fixed rate dispersion was carried out as for normal temperature equal to 300 K and at elevated – equal to 370, which is connected with the necessity of considering the temperature rise of the graphene layer with increasing electron energy. The analysis of the obtained dependences showed that at electron energy values that exceed a value equal to approximately 0.165 eV, there is a predominance of electron scattering on optical phonons inherent in the inner layer of graphene, electron-electron scattering, as well as scattering on optical phonons associated with the interface between graphene and a layer of hexagonal boron nitride, over other types of scattering. At low energy values, which are less than about 0.03 eV, the dispersion on impurities prevails over other types of dispersion. Based on the obtained dependences of electron scattering intensities in graphene, it becomes possible to implement the Monte – Carlo statistical method to determine the characteristics of electron transfer in semiconductor devices containing layers of graphene and hexagonal boron.

Using the method of synthesis of the information model at the automated workstation of the air traffic control dispatcher, a fragment of the user interface at the automated workstation of the radar control dispatcher of the Minsk district control center was synthesized, which allows to simulate the stages of the dispatcher's activity in the automated air traffic control system at the modern level of air traffic intensity. The verification of the adequacy and effectiveness of the synthesized user interface fragment was carried out directly with the participation of experts and specialists with experience in such systems. The adequacy of the synthesized user interface fragment was evaluated using a known consent criterion. The evaluation of the efficiency of the synthesized fragment of the user interface of the environment at the dispatcher's automated workstation was carried out under conditions of high air traffic intensity, which force the radar control dispatcher to control in critical mode of operation. Shows the advantage of a synthesized user interface fragment over an existing user interface in terms of time and accuracy. In general, the synthesized user interface fragment exceeds the existing one by about thirty percent. The synthesized user interface fragment noted the more stable activities of the subjects, as well as their better learning capability compared to the existing user interface. The developed experiment scheme allows to carry out research of engineering and psychological factors in human-machine systems of special purpose, including analysis of user interfaces at automated workstations of dispatching personnel in existing automated systems of air traffic control for their assessment and further improvement.

Present paper is devoted the determination of the effect of the temperature of the process of rapid thermal treatment of chromium films on n-type conductivity silicon on their resistivity and contact properties of the interface. Chromium films of about 30 nm thickness were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto the surface of silicon substrates having a resistivity of 0.58 to 0.53 ohms×cm. The rapid thermal treatment was carried out in a heat balance mode by irradiating the back side of the substrates with non-coherent light flux in nitrogen ambient for 7 seconds. Quartz halogen incandescent lamps were used as the heating source. The temperature of the rapid thermal process ranged from 200 to 550 °C. The thickness of the chromium films was determined by raster electron microscopy. The surface resistance of the samples was measured by a four- probe method. The Schottky barrier height and the ideality factor were determined from I-V plots. It is shown that at the temperature of the rapid thermal process 400 °C a layer of chromium disilicide is formed, causing a sharp increase in the resistivity of chromium films to 1.2 mOhm×cm and the height of the Schottky barrier to 0.6 V. When the temperature of the rapid thermal process is further increased to 550 °C, the resistivity increases monotonically to 4.0 mOhm×cm due to the increase in the width of the interstitial boundaries increasing the scattering of charge carriers in the CrSi₂ layers. It has also been shown that rapid thermal treatment of the Cr/Si structure at a temperature of 450–500 °C enables to obtain rectifying contacts with a barrier height of 0.615 V and an ideality factor of 1.1. The results obtained can be used in the technology of integrated electronics products containing Schottky contacts as well as thin film resistors.

A study of the influence of the formation regimes of avalanche LEDs based on nanostructured silicon on the parameters of the formed devices, such as the light emission voltage and the stability of operation has been performed. These parameters are an important factor for the practical use of avalanche LEDs in the development of silicon photonics products, the progress of which is associated with the future of integrated electronics. For the first time, the technological operation of local through electrochemical anodizing of aluminum in various electrolytes for the formation of a separating dielectric of Schottky contacts is presented. The influence of the built-in electric charge in the separation dielectric of silicon avalanche LEDs on their current-voltage characteristics is studied. It was found that the built-in negative electric charge increases the breakdown voltage of the Schottky contact, which results in an increase of the light emission efficiency of the diode structures. An explanation of this effect is presented on the basis that the built-in negative electric charge inside the anode oxide also creates a space charge region in silicon, which helps to reduce the effect of the concentration of field lines at the edges of diode structures, performing the function of protecting the Schottky contact from edge effects as well as protective areas do. It has been established that the highest avalanche breakdown voltage is observed in diode structures with anodic oxide formed in an electrolyte based on an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. An analysis of the characteristics of LEDs at different temperatures of silicon substrates showed an increase of breakdown voltage with increasing temperature, which is typical for avalanche breakdown during impact ionization. Stable light emission of the formed LEDs was demonstrated in a wide range of operating voltages (8–16 V). The use of silicon avalanche LEDs both as discrete devices and in integrated electronics in general has been discussed.