The recent results of the investigations performed in the research units of the Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics of Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics in the field of the development of perspective optical and electronic intra-chip and inter-chip interconnections of silicon integrated circuits are summarized. Examples of the use of nanostructured materials for the proposed light sources and detectors (Si) as well as light guides (Al₂O₃/TiO₂) integrated with monocrystalline silicon are presented. The strategy of an application of inter-chip interposers for optical and electronic connections in bulk (2.5D and 3D) packages of integrated circuits was promoted and tested. Novel materials and structures promising for light sources, optically transparent electrical conductors and protectors against microwave electromagnetic radiation are demonstrated.

The article discusses the current trends in the development of ion-plasma systems for ion processing and thin film deposition. Application of pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering for deposition of vanadium oxide films and dependence of process parameters on power supply frequency characteristics, peculiarities and application of direct ion-beam deposition for formation of coatings based on SiO₂ for optical coatings, SiO₂, CH, CN, CHF for orientation coatings of LCD displays, wear-resistant coatings of diamond-like carbon (α-C) and carbon nitride (CN_x) are considered. The advantages of continuous microwave magnetron power over pulsed mode are shown. The mathematical model for calculating magnetron sputtering systems, processes of magnetron sputtering and the main capabilities of the developed software complex Deposition are shown.

The review article summarizes the most significant results of research on the creation of antenna systems for mobile radio communications and radar, carried out at the Department of Information Radio Technologies of the Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics over the last decade. New algorithms for the functioning of antenna matching devices for mobile radio communications in the VHF wavelength range, features of the construction of sub-aperture antenna arrays for radar equipment with broadband probing signals, and algorithms for processing signals in detectors-measurers of the angular coordinates of air objects with a multi-channel antenna system are considered. Promising areas of research on this topic are proposed.

Technologies for the manufacture of microwave electromagnetic shields based on powdered carbon, foil and composite multilayer materials are presented. Technological methods for their manufacture and shielding properties are described, and the main mechanisms leading to increased shielding properties are considered depending on the manufacturing technology, composition and alternation of composite layers. It is shown that the values of the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 2–17 GHz for the shields considered reach a value of (–20) dB. Microwave absorbers with a reflection characteristic lower than (–10.0) dB (down to (–52.0) dB) in the frequency band 8.0–12.0 GHz are developed, and the electrophysical parameters, composition and concentration of components of the composite materials for such microwave absorbers are determined. The systems for active protection of speech information that use combined masking signals consisting of “white” noise and speech-like signals as masking signals, along with “white” noise are considered. Criteria have been developed for the approach to selecting speakers and audiences when assessing speech intelligibility to solve problems of protecting speech information and methods for experimental studies of speech intelligibility against a background of masking acoustic noise. Technologies for the formation of nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles of ferromagnetic materials are presented to increase the degree of coherence of the spin texture at macroscopic distances, increase the degree of security of electronic products to strong magnetic fields and noise immunity. It has been shown that at certain concentrations of ferromagnetic nanoparticles, micromagnetic parameters increase, ensuring high performance of active elements in magnetic fields. The role of carbon in this case turns out to be decisive. The presented results seem promising for use in the creation of anechoic chambers, partitions for separating indoor zones intended for the location of electronic devices, products for protecting humans from the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range, and the formation of combined masking signals in the form of “white” noise for devices protection of speech information, composite coatings to level out the effects of a constant magnetic field on electronic products.

An analysis of the prospects for the development of technologies for processing images and speech signals is presented. The main results in these areas obtained in recent years in the relevant scientific schools of Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics are presented. It is shown that the use of machine learning technologies in combination with methods of digital processing of images and speech signals can significantly increase the efficiency of systems for their recognition and classification.

The paper considers the trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in BSUIR for the last five years, lists the main results obtained during this period both in the field of development of artificial intelligence technologies themselves, and in the field of education in artificial intelligence and realization of interaction between teams of specialists working in this field. The necessity of transition to new-generation intelligent computer systems with a high level of interoperability and creation of an appropriate complex technology for their development, maintenance and operation is substantiated. The problems hindering the active development and implementation of new generation intelligent computer systems are considered. The concept of semantic space as a basis for representation and integration of knowledge in intelligent computer systems of new generation is considered. The principles of implementation of hardware platform for interpretation of information processes in the semantic space – associative semantic computer – are considered.

An analysis is performed for electromagnetic safety of equipment of 4G/5G mobile communications for population and technical facilities of critical infrastructure: railway signaling and telecommunications equipment, medical short-range equipment, medical electrical equipment, and electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. It was established that radiations of 4G/5G systems are potentially dangerous for functioning of critical infrastructure equipment and the population. Recommendations aimed at reducing the danger of mobile communications for critical infrastructure objects and for population are given.

The most significant results of research performed in the Belarusian State University University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, aimed at creating methods and instruments for monitoring cavitation and controlling its activity, are presented. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to clarify the mechanisms and patterns of new and little-studied phenomena: ultrasonic capillary effect, sonoluminescence, cavitation noise and its spectral components and evaluate the possibilities of their use for hardware implementation as cavitation indicators. New cavitation phenomena have been discovered: reverse ultrasonic capillary effect, generation of constant EMF under the influence of alternating pressure of ultrasonic frequency; acoustic clearing of the cavitation area with pulsed modulation of the ultrasonic field, the effect of long-term memory of the cavitation properties of the liquid. Previously unknown patterns have been established: it is shown that the cavitation region goes through four stages of development with increasing ultrasound intensity; a theorem on the maximum cavitation activity was formulated; the spectral characteristics of cavitation noise were established, correlating with the intensity of sonoluminescence. It has been shown that pulsed modulation of the ultrasonic field makes it possible to control the dynamics of the development of the cavitation region and the activity of cavitation. Based on the data obtained, new methods and instruments have been developed to study cavitation and control its activity. In a number of parameters, the created equipment surpasses the best world samples, what is confirmed by deliveries to the Russia, EU countries, China, USA and South Korea.

A brief overview of the results of work in the field of “Devices, systems and technologies for medical purposes”, obtained with the direct participation of the authors of the article, is given. The results of the development and research in the field of modeling the effects of physical factors on the human body and digital processing of biomedical signals are presented. The principal aspects of the original systems of long-term monitoring of the human condition and control of the musculoskeletal system are presented.

A new method for analyzing the high-frequency path of measuring and radio engineering systems based on matrix analysis is proposed. The replacement of the error scattering matrix with a transmission matrix in the form of cellular matrices is proposed and justified, the equations of calibration and restoration of the actual (corrected) values of the measured parameters are obtained in matrix form, and the ways of solving these equations are given in general form. The main parasitic parameters of the useful signal transmission path associated with inhomogeneities, leaks and insufficiency of interchanges are determined. The use of the developed methods made it possible to optimize the structures of devices, calibration and measurement algorithms. A large range of general and special purpose devices has been created in the decimeter, centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges.