The article discusses the design and circuitry features of the signal reading device of the time-projection chamber of the multi-purpose detector for the nuclotron based ion collider facility. Electrical schematic diagrams, circuit simulation results, and a simplified layout for the MH2XA031 master slice array are presented. The developed signal readout device allows for a wide range of key parameter variations. For example, varying the value of one external capacitor from 5 to 100 pF provides a corresponding change in the output pulse width at half maximum from 150 to 370 ns and an equivalent noise charge from 2130 to 1570 electrons.

The electrophysical characteristics of 3D-printed temperature and humidity sensors based on a conductive PLA composite with carbon filler are studied. Relationships are established between the morphology of the structure obtained by fused deposition, the topology of the conductive tracks, and the frequency-dependent response to changes in temperature and relative humidity. It is shown that extrusion through a nozzle and layer-by-layer track formation increase the specific resistance of a single track by 3–4 times compared to the original filament due to interlayer boundaries, porosity, and partial rearrangement of the percolation network. It is noted that the serial topology provides the highest relative response, while the parallel topology provides the lowest baseline resistance. A negative temperature coefficient of resistance is observed in the range of 20–100 °C, and as the humidity changes from 40 to 100 %, the nature of the signal depends on the measurement frequency. It is shown that in the low and medium frequency region the resistance changes weakly and is mainly determined by barrier percolation transport, whereas at 100 kHz a weak contribution of interfacial polarization and capacitive shunting can appear.

Ground penetrating radars with a continuous frequency-modulated probing signal are widely used to detect near-surface and shallow objects. Their operation requires near-field operation in the presence of powerful interfering reflections from the boundary of the host medium, which mask the response from objects in nearby resolution elements and complicate their detection. To address this issue, this article proposes a method for compensating for interfering reflections from the boundary of the host surface in a radar detector of shallow objects using a frequency-modulated probing signal. The results of experimental testing of this method are presented, allowing for improved performance of ground penetrating radars with continuous frequency-modulated radiation in detecting near-surface and shallow objects.

This article discusses the design of a Vivaldi microstrip antenna operating at 7 GHz. Its broadband characteristics and high directivity make it ideal for use in a variety of applications. The design utilizes FR4 material, known for its excellent electrical properties. The antenna’s performance was analyzed using S-parameters, which demonstrated good stability and high power transfer efficiency. Testing the antenna on healthy and diseased breast tissue revealed significant energy absorption, indicating the antenna’s effectiveness in detecting changes in tissue electrical properties.

Film heterostructures made of polymethyl methacrylate and low-density polyethylene with incorporated micron-sized particles of a semiconductor (graphite-like carbon nitride g-C₃N₄), fabricated using a component mixing and casting technique, were studied. Such heterostructures are relevant for the creation of new environmentally friendly optical elements for information processing. Free-standing continuous films based on polymethyl methacrylate and low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 30–50 μm and porous films based on polymethyl methacrylate with a thickness of 50–500 μm were created. The content of the added semiconductor was 5 wt.%, which ensured their integrity and mechanical stability during transportation and subsequent studies. Based on the optical transmission spectra of these films and their photoluminescence, it was established that g-C₃N₄ incorporated into the studied polymer matrices retains its size and semiconductor properties. The particles are distributed quasi-uniformly in the synthesized materials. It was found that the transmission spectra of the studied heterostructures have a quasi-linear dependence of the intensity of transmitted radiation on the wavelength of the incident radiation, which can be used in photonics to create spectrally sensitive elements.

The influence of high-density inductively coupled argon plasma parameters on the morphology and surface characteristics of single-crystal silicon substrates was studied. Samples were treated with high-frequency source powers ranging from 100 to 1000 W, with cleaning times of up to 300 s. Surface morphology was analyzed using atomic force microscopy, followed by a study of the contact angle and adhesion work. The effect of high-density plasma cleaning on surface energy was noted. It was found that effective cleaning parameters for achieving minimal roughness and removing contaminants without damaging the surface include a discharge power of 300–500 W and an exposure time of 60–120 s. The obtained data can be used to select plasma cleaning modes for single-crystal silicon substrates in microelectronics processes.

The article presents the results of a study of the residual mechanical stress level and resistance to processing in acid and alkaline etchants of SiN_x films obtained by plasma-activated vapor deposition in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. The deposition process was carried out from a SiH₄–N₂–Ar–He gas mixture at 400–500 °C. Typically, the deposition of dielectric films in high-density plasma is carried out at a pressure in the working chamber in the range of 0.13–4.00 Pa. In the conducted studies, by increasing the pressure to 12–18 Pa, it was possible to significantly reduce the level of residual mechanical stresses in the SiN_x films. At the same time, the compact microstructure of the films ensured their high chemical resistance. The refractive index of the films varied from 2.06 to 1.93, depending on the deposition mode. The etching rate of the films in 50 % hydrofluoric acid was 25–32 nm/min, which was comparable to values for nitride films obtained by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition at low pressure. The synthesized SiN_x films were also resistant to exposure to a 40 % potassium hydroxide solution at 90 °C.

Patterns of changes in the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation absorption in the frequency range of 2–17 GHz were established and substantiated for three types of flexible electromagnetic shields. These shields were multilayer composite materials, the middle layer of which consisted of mesh fabric and synthetic padding impregnated with graphite lubricants SDM (type 1) and VMPAVTO (type 2), respectively, as well as of fabric and synthetic padding connected together, impregnated with graphite lubricant FAVORIT (type 3). The outer and inner layers of the electromagnetic shields were fragments of synthetic padding. The average value of the absorption coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in the effective absorption band in the frequency range of 2–17 GHz for the studied shields of various types was 0.61, 0.60, and 0.59 relative units, respectively. The maximum absorption coefficient value (0.77 relative units) was demonstrated by type 1 shields. The proposed flexible electromagnetic shields in the form of multilayer composite materials can be used to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices and microwave devices.

This paper examines the application of physically informed neural networks to modeling pollutant migration processes in natural dispersed media. A one-dimensional convective diffusion equation describing substance transport under the influence of advective and diffusion mechanisms was used as the basic mathematical model. A neural network architecture based on a multilayer perceptron is proposed, enabling the approximation of the solution in a continuous spatiotemporal domain without the need to construct a computational grid. The model was trained by minimizing the loss function, which includes the residual of the differential equation, as well as deviations from the initial and boundary conditions. Collocation points generated within the computational domain were used for training. Computational experiments demonstrated that the developed model correctly reproduces the fundamental physical laws of the transport process, including the shift of the maximum concentration due to advection and its smoothing due to diffusion. It is demonstrated that the use of physically informed neural networks ensures a smooth, stable, and physically consistent solution even with a limited amount of initial information. The advantages of the method are noted, which include the absence of the need for training data and the ability to work in areas of complex geometry.

This paper presents an algorithm and associated software implementing a comprehensive computational pipeline based on the YOLOv8n-seg model (Ultralytics) for automated analysis of human lumbar spine CT images, including localization of anatomical regions, segmentation and quantitative measurements of vertebrae, and 3D visualization. Geometric parameters (total lumbar spine height and segmental angles) are calculated directly from segmentation masks and converted into physical units using the image resolution. This generates an STL file that can be exported to third-party software (e.g., 3D Slicer) for 3D surface reconstruction. A critical aspect of the developed approach is its emphasis on quantitative accuracy and reproducibility of results, rather than solely on visualization: measurements obtained from masks translate the model output into clinically interpretable metrics. This opens up opportunities for subsequent applications such as screening, patient stratification, and longitudinal studies.

In vehicles with level 3 automation, the driver can transfer control of the vehicle to the automated driving system without monitoring its operation. However, in critical situations or if the automated vehicle exits the normal operating domain, the driver must take control. In these cases, the driver may be unable to safely operate the vehicle due to insufficient awareness of the road situation and unpreparedness for the driving task. This problem is currently being addressed by monitoring the driver’s condition and prompting them to take manual control using a multimodal interface. However, due to its complex, interdisciplinary nature, this problem has not yet been fully resolved. The aim of this study was to propose a new approach to mitigating safety risks during the transition from automated to manual driving. Based on an analysis of existing methods for solving this problem, a new approach is considered that takes into account the individual psychophysiological characteristics of the driver before transferring control of the vehicle. This approach provides greater flexibility, validity, and reliability of decision making in critical driving situations when switching between driving modes.