Electromagnetic Safety of 4G/5G Mobile Communications
https://doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2024-22-2-80-91
Abstract
An analysis is performed for electromagnetic safety of equipment of 4G/5G mobile communications for population and technical facilities of critical infrastructure: railway signaling and telecommunications equipment, medical short-range equipment, medical electrical equipment, and electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. It was established that radiations of 4G/5G systems are potentially dangerous for functioning of critical infrastructure equipment and the population. Recommendations aimed at reducing the danger of mobile communications for critical infrastructure objects and for population are given.
About the Authors
V. I. Mordachev
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
Belarus
Belarus
Mordachev Vladimir Ivanovich, Сand. of Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Research Laboratory “Electromagnetic Compatibility of Radio-Electronic Equipment” (Lab. 1.7) of R&D Department
220013, Minsk, P. Brovki St., 6
Tel.: +375 17 293-84-38
A. S. Svistunou
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
Belarus
Belarus
Researcher at the Lab. 1.7 of R&D Department
E. V. Sinkevich
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
Belarus
Belarus
Deputy Head of the Lab. 1.7 of R&D
References
1. Svistunou A., Mordachev V., Sinkevich E. (2023) Problem of Electromagnetic Compatibility Between 4G/5G Mobile Communications and Railway Signaling/Telecommunication Equipment. Proc. of the Int. Symp. “EMC Europe 2023”, Krakow, Poland, Sept. 4–8. 6.
2. Baltrukovich P. I., Ming Ye, Mordachev V. I., Svistunou А. S., Sinkevich Е. V. (2022) Electromagnetic Compatibility Wireless Medical Small Radius Equipment Action and Equipment Mobile 4G/5G Communications. Vesnik Suviazi. 2 (172), 44–49 (in Russian).
3. Svistunou A., Mordachev V., Sinkevich E., Ming Ye, Dubovik A., Shakinka I. (2022) Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation of 4G/5G Base Stations on Medical Short-Range Devices in Urban Area. Proc. of the Int. Symp. “EMC Europe 2022”, Gothenburg, Sweden, Sept. 5–8. 537–542.
4. Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic Disturbances – Requirements and Tests. Medical Electrical Equipment. Part 1–2: General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance. Edition 4.0 2014-02. IEC 60601-1-2.
5. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standard for Radio Equipment and Services; Part 3: Specific Conditions for Short Range Devices (SRD) Operating on Frequencies Between 9 kHz and 246 GHz; Harmonised Standard for ElectroMagnetic Compatibility. ETSI EN 301 489-3 V2.3.2 (2023-01).
6. Railway Applications – Electromagnetic Compatibility. Part 4: Emission and Immunity of the Signalling and Telecommunications Apparatus. IEC 62236-4:2018.
7. Railway Applications. Electro-Magnetic Compatibility. Part 4: Issuance and Immunity of Signaling and Telecommunication Devices. UNE EN50121-4.
8. Brodersen RTU32. Test Report. No 20194-1-R00, 2020. Available: https://cdn.brodersen.com/wp-content/uploads/EN-50121-4-2016-A1-2019.pdf.
9. Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use – EMC Requirements. Part 1: General Requirements. GOST R IEC 61326-1–2014 (in Russian).
10. LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) Radio Transmission and Reception (3GPP TS 36.104, Vers. 15.8.0 Rel. 15). ETSI TS 136 104 V15.8.0 (2019-10).
11. IMT Cellular Networks; Harmonized Standard for Access to Radio Spectrum; Part 24: New Radio (NR) Base Stations (BS); Rel. 15. ETSI EN 301908-24.
12. Von Butovitsch P., Aspund H., Astely D., Chapman T., Frenne M., Ghasemzadeh F., et al. (2020) Advanced Antenna Systems for 5G Network Deployments. Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice. Academic Press. 713.
13. LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) System Scenarios. ETSI TR 136 942 V17.0.0 (2022-04).
14. AAU5613 Product Description. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2018. 18.
15. Nokia Solutions and Networks AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B41 120W AAHF AAHF-01. Available: https://fccid.io/VBNAAHF-01.
16. LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception (3GPP TS 36.101, Vers. 15.10.0 Rel. 15). ETSI TS 136 101 V15.10.0 (2020-04).
17. IMT Cellular Networks; Harmonised Standard for Access to Radio Spectrum; Part 25: New Radio (NR) User Equipment (UE). ETSI EN 301 908-25.
18. Sinkevich E., Tsyanenka D., Yurtsev O. (2016) System-Level Model for Analysis of Dipole Antenna Response to Electromagnetic Pulse. International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility – EMCEUROPE, Wroclaw, Poland. 614–619.
19. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study of Radio Frequency (RF) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements for Active Antenna Array System (AAS) Base Station. 3GPP TR 37.840 V12.1.0 (2013-12).
20. Pearlman R. A. (1978) Physical Interpretation of the IEMCAP Integrated EMI Margin. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 310–315.
21. Mordachev V. (2019) Estimation of Electromagnetic Background Intensity Created by Wireless Systems in Terms of the Prediction of Area Traffic Capacity. Proc. of the Int. Symp. “EMC Europe 2019”, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 2–6. 82–87.
22. Mordachev V. (2021) Electromagnetic Background Generated by Mobile (Cellular) Communications. Proc. of the Asia Pacific Int. Symp. on EMC (Hybrid Conf.) APEMC 2021, Bali-Indonesia, Sept. 27–30. 37–40.
23. IMT Vision – Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond. Rec. ITU-R M.2083.
24. Mordachev V. (2022) Refined Analysis of the Correlation Between the Accepted Maximum Permissible Levels of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields for the Population and the Lethality Rate of COVID-19. Doklady BGUIR. 20 (1), 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-1-55-64.
25. Short Range Devices (SRD); Ultra Low Power (ULP) Wireless Medical Capsule Endoscopy Devices Operating in the Band 430 MHz to 440 MHz. ETSI EN 303 520 V1.2.1 (2019-06).
26. Short Range Devices (SRD); Medical Body Area Network Systems (MBANSs) Operating in the 2483,5 MHz to 2500 MHz Range. ETSI EN 303 203 V2.1.1 (2015-11).
27. Short Range Devices (SRD); Low Power Active Medical Implants (LP-AMI) and Associated Peripherals (LP-AMI-P) Operating in the Frequency Range 2483,5 MHz to 2500 MHz. ETSI EN 301 559 V2.1.1 (2016-10).
28. Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implants (ULP-AMI) and Associated Peripherals (ULP-AMI-P) Operating in the Frequency Range 402 MHz to 405 MHz. ETSI EN 301 839 V2.1.1 (2016-04).
29. Ultra Low Power Medical Data Service (MEDS) Systems Operating in the Frequency Range 401 MHz to 402 MHz and 405 MHz to 406 MHz. ETSI EN 302 537 V2.1.1 (2016-10).
30. Tikhvinskiy V., Terentiev S., Visochin V. (2014) LTE/LTE Advanced Mobile Networks: 4G Technologies, Applications Architecture. Moscow, Media Publ. 384 (in Russian).
31. Guidelines for Evaluation of Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-2020. Report ITU-R M.2412.
32. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (2020) Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). Health Physics. 118 (5), 483–524.
33. Spodobaev U. M. (2020) Electromagnetic Safety of Modern Technologies: ICNIRP Documents. Electrosvyaz Magazine. (4), 21–24 (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Mordachev V.I., Svistunou A.S., Sinkevich E.V. Electromagnetic Safety of 4G/5G Mobile Communications. Doklady BGUIR. 2024;22(2):80-91. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2024-22-2-80-91
Views: 413
Email this article 