Structure and Circuit Engineering Features of Stand- Alone Photovoltaic System with a Battery-Capacitive Energy Storage Device

The purpose of this research is to analyze the structure and circuit design of stand-alone photovoltaic system with a battery-capacitive energy storage device to ensure voltage stability under peak voltage and a variable nature of the power generated by a solar panel. There is an original active control scheme for a hybrid drive. The peak power of the solar panel was 100 W. The battery part of the energy storage device was represented by a 12 V gel lead-acid battery with a charging capacity of 11 Ah, and the capacitive part consisted of a battery of supercapacitors with an electrostatic capacity of 80 F, an operating voltage of 15.5 V. A rheostat was used as a load during a stationary discharge of the storage device with a resistance of 12 Om, and the pulsed nature of the discharge was simulated using an automobile air compressor. The analysis of circuit design variants that implement the charging process the capacitive part of the energy storage device from a solar panel directly or with a shunt DC/DC converter is performed. Charging and discharging of the battery part was controlled by the ProStar-15 controller. In both cases, charging buffer modes the battery and capacitive parts of the energy storage device were used. The research results have identified ways to increase the stability of the output voltage under peak voltage and the variable nature of electricity generation conditions while increasing the resource of an expensive battery.

1. Obukhov S.G., Plotnikov I.A., Ibrahim A., Masolov V.G. Dual Energy Storage for Hybrid Energy Systems with Renewable Energy Sources. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering. 2020;331(1):64-76. DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2020/1. (InRuss.)

2. Krasovski V.I., Yacko P.V. Energy storage as devices for improving the operation of the electric power system with renewable energy sources ed technical and applied sciences. Sakharov readings 2020: environmental problems of the XXI century. Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU, Minsk. 2020:393-396. DOI: 10.46646/SAKH-2020-2-393-396. (InRuss.)

3. Berdnikov R.N., Fortov V.E., Son E.E., Den'shchikov K.K., ZHuk K.E., Novikov N.L., SHakaryan Yu.G Hybrid electric power storage for ENES based on Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors Energy of Unified Grid. Scietnific and Technical Journal. 2013;2(7):40-51. (InRuss.)

4. Karabanov S.M., Moroz A.I., Suvorov D.V., Slivkin Y.V., Gololobov G.P., Tarabrin D.Y. Stand-alone photovoltaic systems with supercapacitors. Vestnik of RSREU. 2015;54(Р. 2):137-142. (InRuss.)

5. Marenkov S.A. Hybrid accumulator of electricity for networks with distributed generation based on renewable sources of electrical energy. International Research Journal. 2017;2(56, Р. 3):120-123. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.56.007. (InRuss.)

6. Savrasov F.V. Variants of the autonomous power supply systems's design with photovoltaic devices and algorithms for their work. Naukovedenie. 2013;6:1-13. (InRuss.)

7. Noskin G.V., Khavanov E.S., Beschastnyy R.A. [Hybrid electric power storage based on lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors blocks for power supply system of Earth return spacecraft]. Lesnoy vestnik = Forestry Bulletin. 2019;23(4):39-48. DOI: 10.18698/2542-1468-2019-4-39-48. (InRuss.)

8. Khavanov E.S., Beschastny R.A., Fateev D.A. Using Super-capacitors Units in the Power Supply System of Re-entery Vehicle of a Crew Transportation Spacecraft. Kosmicheskaya tekhnika i technologii. 2020;2(29):84-91. DOI 10.33950/spacetech-2308-7625-2020-2-84-91. (InRuss.)

9. Noskin G. V., Khavanov, E. S., Savelyev V. V. Unified Reserve Electric Power Storage for Power Supply Systems of Returning Spacecrafts. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika. 2019;5:20-25. DOI: 10.1134/S000233101905008X. (InRuss.)

10. Shinyakov Yu. A. Extremal regulation of automatic space vehicle solar battery power. Vestnik of the Samara State Aerospace University. 2007;1(12):123-129. DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2007-0-1(12)-123-129. (InRuss.)

11. Vasilevich V.P., Zbyshinskaya M.Y. Charging and discharging characteristics of a battery capacitive energy storage device for stand-alone photovoltaic system. Doklady BGUIR. 2022;20(2):78-85. DOI: 10.35596/1729-7648-2022-20-2-78-85

12. Weingarth D., Foelske-Schmitz A., Kötz R. Cycle versus voltage hold: which is the better stability test for electrochemical double layer capacitors? J. Power Sources. 2012;225:84-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.powsour.2012.10.019.

13. Kötz R., Sauter J.C., Ruch P., Dietrich P., Büchi F.N., Magne P.A., Varenne P. Voltage balancing: long-term experience with the 250 V supercapacitor module of the hybrid fuel cell vehicle HY-LIGHT. J. Power Sources. 2007;174:264-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.078.

14. Diab Y., Venet P., Gualous H., Rojat G. Self-discharge characterization and modeling of electrochemical capacitor used for power electronics applications. IEE Trans Power Electron. 2009;24:511-517. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007116.

15. Lazzari M., Soavi F., Mastragostino M. Dynamic pulse power and energy of ionic-liquid-based supercapacitor for HEV application. J. Electrochem Soc. 2009;156: A661-A666. DOI: 10.1149/1.3139046.