<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bsuir</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады БГУИР</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady BGUIR</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-7648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-0382</issn><publisher><publisher-name>БГУИР</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35596/1729-7648-2026-24-5-5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bsuir-4442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексная электромагнитная защита элементов биосферы. Часть 2. Проблемы и возможности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integrated Electromagnetic Protection of Biosphere Elements. Part 2. Problems and Opportunities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мордачев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mordachev</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мордачев Владимир Иванович, канд. техн. наук, доц., зав. науч.-исслед. лаб. «Электромагнитная совместимость радиоэлектронных средств» (НИЛ 1.7) Тел.: +375 17 293-84-38</p><p>220013, Минск, ул. П. Бровки, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mordachev Vladimir, Сand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor, Head of the Research Laboratory “Electromagnetic Compatibility of Radioelectronic Equipment” (Lab. 1.7) Tel.: +375 17 293-84-38</p><p>220013, Minsk, P. Brovki St., 6</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mordachev@bsuir.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистунов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistunou</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свистунов А. С., науч. сотр. НИЛ 1.7</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svistunou A., Researcher at the Lab. 1.7</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мордачев В.И., Свистунов А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мордачев В.И., Свистунов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mordachev V., Svistunou A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/4442">https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/4442</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается проблема реализации комплексной защиты населения и технических средств критической инфраструктуры от воздействия радиочастотных электромагнитных полей оборудования мобильной связи 5G, актуальность которой связана с расширяющимся использованием в системах 5G импульсного режима TDD. Обсуждаются возможности обеспечения такой комплексной защиты элементов биосферы, связанные с расширением существующей системы санитарно-гигиенической паспортизации передающих радиотехнических объектов за счет определения защитных зон и зон ограничения застройки по критериям восприимчивости технических средств к радиочастотным электромагнитным полям и с гигиеническим нормированием восприимчивости населения к радиочастотным электромагнитным полям TDD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the problem of implementing comprehensive protection for the population and critical infrastructure equipment from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic (RFEM) fields from 5G mobile communications equipment. This problem is relevant due to the expanding use of TDD pulsed mode in 5G systems. The article discusses the potential for providing such comprehensive protection for elements of the biosphere, which involves expanding the existing sanitary and hygienic certification system for transmitting radio facilities by defining protective zones and development restrictions based on the susceptibility of technical equipment to RFEM fields and hygienic regulation of the population’s susceptibility to TDD RFEM fields.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мобильная связь</kwd><kwd>4G</kwd><kwd>5G</kwd><kwd>6G</kwd><kwd>технические средства</kwd><kwd>объекты критической инфраструктуры</kwd><kwd>население</kwd><kwd>электромагнитная безопасность</kwd><kwd>электромагнитная совместимость.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mobile communications</kwd><kwd>4G</kwd><kwd>5G</kwd><kwd>6G</kwd><kwd>technical equipment</kwd><kwd>critical infrastructure facilities</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>electromagnetic safety</kwd><kwd>electromagnetic compatibility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ICNIRP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz) (2020) Health Physics. 118 (5), 483–524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ICNIRP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz) (2020) Health Physics. 118 (5), 483–524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinrikus H. (2026) Nonthermal Mechanism of Low-Level Microwave Effect on the Human Brain. USA, CRC Press Publ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinrikus H. (2026) Nonthermal Mechanism of Low-Level Microwave Effect on the Human Brain. USA, CRC Press Publ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardell L., Carlberg M. (2020) Health Risks from Radiofrequency Radiation, Including 5G, Should be Assessed by Experts with no Conflicts of Interest. Oncology Letters. 20 (15), 1–11. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardell L., Carlberg M. (2020) Health Risks from Radiofrequency Radiation, Including 5G, Should be Assessed by Experts with no Conflicts of Interest. Oncology Letters. 20 (15), 1–11. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchner K., Rivasi M. (2020) The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Conflicts of Interest, Corporate Capture and the Push for 5G. https://www.michele-rivasi.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ICNIRP-rapport-FR-FINAL-JUIN-2020.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchner K., Rivasi M. (2020) The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Conflicts of Interest, Corporate Capture and the Push for 5G. https://www.michele-rivasi.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ICNIRP-rapport-FR-FINAL-JUIN-2020.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoriev Yu. G., Grigoriev O. A. (2016) Cellular Communications and Health: Electromagnetic Environment, Radiobiological and Hygienic Problems, Hazard Forecast. Moscow, Economics Publ. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoriev Yu. G., Grigoriev O. A. (2016) Cellular Communications and Health: Electromagnetic Environment, Radiobiological and Hygienic Problems, Hazard Forecast. Moscow, Economics Publ. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I. (2022) Refined Analysis of the Correlation Between the Accepted Maximum Permissible Levels of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields for the Population and the Lethality Rate of Covid-19. Doklady BGUIR. 20 (1), 55–64. https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/3285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I. (2022) Refined Analysis of the Correlation Between the Accepted Maximum Permissible Levels of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields for the Population and the Lethality Rate of Covid-19. Doklady BGUIR. 20 (1), 55–64. https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/3285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V., Sinkevich E., Svistunou A., Ivanchenko V. (2026) 4G/5G Wireless Systems Radiation Safety for Various Technical Equipment. Doklady BGUIR. 24 (2), 14–24 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V., Sinkevich E., Svistunou A., Ivanchenko V. (2026) 4G/5G Wireless Systems Radiation Safety for Various Technical Equipment. Doklady BGUIR. 24 (2), 14–24 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I., Svistunou A. S., Sinkevich E. V. (2024) Electromagnetic Safety of 4G/5G Mobile Communications. Doklady BGUIR. 22 (2), 80–91 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I., Svistunou A. S., Sinkevich E. V. (2024) Electromagnetic Safety of 4G/5G Mobile Communications. Doklady BGUIR. 22 (2), 80–91 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V., Svistunou A. (2026) Integrated Electromagnetic Protection of Biosphere Elements. Part 1. Рrerequisites. Doklady BGUIR. 24 (4), 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2026-24-4-5-15 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V., Svistunou A. (2026) Integrated Electromagnetic Protection of Biosphere Elements. Part 1. Рrerequisites. Doklady BGUIR. 24 (4), 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2026-24-4-5-15 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GOST R 51317.2.5–2000 (IEC TS 61000-2-5:1995). Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Equipment. Electromagnetic Environment. Classification of Electromagnetic Disturbances for Different Locations of Technical Equipment (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST R 51317.2.5–2000 (IEC TS 61000-2-5:1995). Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Equipment. Electromagnetic Environment. Classification of Electromagnetic Disturbances for Different Locations of Technical Equipment (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Specific Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Maintenance and Operation of Facilities that Are Sources of Non-Ionizing Radiation. Approved by Resolution No 360 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated June 4, 2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Specific Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Maintenance and Operation of Facilities that Are Sources of Non-Ionizing Radiation. Approved by Resolution No 360 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated June 4, 2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoriev O. A., Zubarev Y. B. (2022) The Effects of Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Energy Influence on Persons: Predictions of the Growth for Conditioned Morbidity, Their Implementation and Problems of Evaluation. CONCEPCII. 1 (41), 3–17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoriev O. A., Zubarev Y. B. (2022) The Effects of Wireless Communication Electromagnetic Energy Influence on Persons: Predictions of the Growth for Conditioned Morbidity, Their Implementation and Problems of Evaluation. CONCEPCII. 1 (41), 3–17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nokia-airscale-5G-radio-description-datasheet-5g.pdf. Available: https://1com.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Nokia-airscale-5G-radio-description-datasheet-5g.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nokia-airscale-5G-radio-description-datasheet-5g.pdf. Available: https://1com.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Nokia-airscale-5G-radio-description-datasheet-5g.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statsenko L., Bakhvalova A., Zhmakina I. (2021) Electromagnetic Background on the FEFU Campus on the Russky Island: Instrumental Measurements. FEFU: School of Engineering Bulletin. 3 (48), 124–132 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statsenko L., Bakhvalova A., Zhmakina I. (2021) Electromagnetic Background on the FEFU Campus on the Russky Island: Instrumental Measurements. FEFU: School of Engineering Bulletin. 3 (48), 124–132 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loizeau N., Haas D., Zahner M., Fröhlich J., Stephan C., Gugler M., et al. (2026) Spatiotemporal Trends of Ambient Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) During the 5G Rollout in Switzerland. Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loizeau N., Haas D., Zahner M., Fröhlich J., Stephan C., Gugler M., et al. (2026) Spatiotemporal Trends of Ambient Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) During the 5G Rollout in Switzerland. Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radio Regulations. ITU, 2024. Available: https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radio Regulations. ITU, 2024. Available: https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deprez K., Colussi L., Korkmaz E., Aerts S., Land D., Littel S., et al. (2023) Comparison of Low-Cost 5G Electromagnetic Field Sensors. Sensors. 23 (6).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deprez K., Colussi L., Korkmaz E., Aerts S., Land D., Littel S., et al. (2023) Comparison of Low-Cost 5G Electromagnetic Field Sensors. Sensors. 23 (6).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narda Safety Test Solutions. Available: https://www.narda-sts.com/en/applications/emf-safety/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narda Safety Test Solutions. Available: https://www.narda-sts.com/en/applications/emf-safety/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I. (2025) Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Background Created by 5G eMBB Systems on Dense Urban Areas. Doklady BGUIR. 23 (6), 12–23 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I. (2025) Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Background Created by 5G eMBB Systems on Dense Urban Areas. Doklady BGUIR. 23 (6), 12–23 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. (2024) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Pollution of the Habitat Created by Mobile Communications. Biology Bulletin. 51 (11), 3481–3495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. (2024) Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Pollution of the Habitat Created by Mobile Communications. Biology Bulletin. 51 (11), 3481–3495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiaraviglio L., Lodovisi C., Bartoletti S., Elzanaty A., Slim-Alouini M. (2024) Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks. IEEE Tr. on Mob. Comp. 23 (3), 2284–2302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiaraviglio L., Lodovisi C., Bartoletti S., Elzanaty A., Slim-Alouini M. (2024) Dominance of Smartphone Exposure in 5G Mobile Networks. IEEE Tr. on Mob. Comp. 23 (3), 2284–2302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delidimitriou S., Babas D., Manassas A., Wiart J., Samaras T. (2026) RF-EMF Bystander Exposure in the 5G Era Measured Across Various Microenvironments in Greece. Annals of Тelecommunications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delidimitriou S., Babas D., Manassas A., Wiart J., Samaras T. (2026) RF-EMF Bystander Exposure in the 5G Era Measured Across Various Microenvironments in Greece. Annals of Тelecommunications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-026-01143-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report ITU-R M.2412 (10/2017). Guidelines for Evaluation of Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report ITU-R M.2412 (10/2017). Guidelines for Evaluation of Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silberberg L. (2020) An FDA Perspective on Medical Device EMC and Wireless. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silberberg L. (2020) An FDA Perspective on Medical Device EMC and Wireless. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoriev O. A., Goshin M. E., Prokofyeva А. V., Alekseeva V. A. (2019) Features of National Policy in Approaches to Electromagnetic Field Safety of Radio Frequencies Radiation in Different Countries. Hygiene &amp; Sanitation. 98 (11), 1184–1190 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoriev O. A., Goshin M. E., Prokofyeva А. V., Alekseeva V. A. (2019) Features of National Policy in Approaches to Electromagnetic Field Safety of Radio Frequencies Radiation in Different Countries. Hygiene &amp; Sanitation. 98 (11), 1184–1190 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanitary Norms, Rules and Hygienic Standards. Hygienic Requirements for the Installation and Operation of Cellular Communication Systems. Approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated 01.02.2010 No 14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanitary Norms, Rules and Hygienic Standards. Hygienic Requirements for the Installation and Operation of Cellular Communication Systems. Approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated 01.02.2010 No 14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Instructions for Use “Methods for Determining Levels of Electromagnetic Radiation Generated by Transmitting Radio-Technical Equipment Operating in the Radio Frequency Range”. Approved by the Deputy Minister of Health – Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Belarus on April 29, 2013, Registration No 006-0413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Instructions for Use “Methods for Determining Levels of Electromagnetic Radiation Generated by Transmitting Radio-Technical Equipment Operating in the Radio Frequency Range”. Approved by the Deputy Minister of Health – Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Belarus on April 29, 2013, Registration No 006-0413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanitary Passport of the Transmitting Radio Facility. State Supervisory Department for Telecommunications of the Republic of Belarus. https://sod.belgie.by/ru/services/sanpasport (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanitary Passport of the Transmitting Radio Facility. State Supervisory Department for Telecommunications of the Republic of Belarus. https://sod.belgie.by/ru/services/sanpasport (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Application Instructions. Estimation of Risk for Population Health from Electromagnetic Fields Created by Base Stations of Cellular Mobile Communications and Broadband Wireless Access. Belarus Ministry of Health, No 093-0610, 2010 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Application Instructions. Estimation of Risk for Population Health from Electromagnetic Fields Created by Base Stations of Cellular Mobile Communications and Broadband Wireless Access. Belarus Ministry of Health, No 093-0610, 2010 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I. (2021) Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Environment Created by Radiations of User Equipment of ...4G/5G/6G Cellular (Mobile) Communications in Buildings. Doklady BGUIR. 19 (6), 42–50 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I. (2021) Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Environment Created by Radiations of User Equipment of ...4G/5G/6G Cellular (Mobile) Communications in Buildings. Doklady BGUIR. 19 (6), 42–50 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I. (2023) Influence of the Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution of Peripheral Radio Equipment of 4G/5G Networks on the Level of Electromagnetic Background Created in Buildings. Doklady BGUIR. 21 (2), 49–57 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I. (2023) Influence of the Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution of Peripheral Radio Equipment of 4G/5G Networks on the Level of Electromagnetic Background Created in Buildings. Doklady BGUIR. 21 (2), 49–57 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mordachev V. I. (2025) Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Background in 5G Hot Spots. Doklady BGUIR. 23 (4), 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2025-23-4-35-45 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mordachev V. I. (2025) Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Background in 5G Hot Spots. Doklady BGUIR. 23 (4), 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2025-23-4-35-45 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
