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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bsuir</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады БГУИР</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady BGUIR</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-7648</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2708-0382</issn><publisher><publisher-name>БГУИР</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-5-94-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bsuir-3142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА, РАДИОФИЗИКА, РАДИОТЕХНИКА, ИНФОРМАТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRONICS, RADIOPHYSICS, RADIOENGINEERING, INFORMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статические радиационные поля малых размеров и детекторы для относительной дозиметрии малых полей в дистанционной лучевой терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Static small radiation fields and detectors for relative small field dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пискунов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piskunou</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пискунов Валерий Станиславович, аспирант Международного государственного экологического института им. А.Д. Сахарова Белорусского государственного университета</p><p>210603, г. Витебск, ул. П. Бровки, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Piskunou Valery S., Postgraduate student at the International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University</p><p>210603, Vitebsk, P. Brovki str., 33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valery.pvs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tarutin Ihar G., D.Sc., Professor</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение здравоохранения «Витебский областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Healthcare Institution “Vitebsk Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensaryˮ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр онкологии и медицинской радиологии им. Н.Н. Александрова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пискунов В.С., Тарутин И.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пискунов В.С., Тарутин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Piskunou V.S., Tarutin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/3142">https://doklady.bsuir.by/jour/article/view/3142</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является анализ существующих детекторов для относительной дозиметрии радиационных полей малых размеров в дистанционной лучевой терапии и требований к ним, рассмотрение проблем при проведении дозиметрии радиационных полей малых размеров, определение физических условий, при которых внешний фотонный пучок может быть обозначен как малое поле. В современной лучевой терапии наблюдается рост использования малых статических полей, чему способствует общая доступность стандартных и дополнительных многолепестковых коллиматоров и лечебных аппаратов нового поколения различного дизайна. В настоящее время растет интерес к использованию таких методик облучения, как стереотаксическая радиохирургия, стереотаксическая лучевая терапия тела, лучевая терапия с модуляцией интенсивности, в которых широко используются малые поля. Это увеличило неопределенности при проведении клинической дозиметрии, в особенности для малых полей. Точная дозиметрия малых полей важна при вводе в эксплуатацию линейных ускорителей и является сложной задачей, особенно для очень малых полей, используемых в стереотаксической радиотерапии. В ходе работы проведено исследование актуальных проблем при дозиметрии радиационных полей малых размеров в дистанционной лучевой терапии. Рассмотрены физические условия, при которых внешний фотонный пучок может быть обозначен как малое поле. Произведен обзор и анализ существующих детекторов для относительной дозиметрии радиационных полей малых размеров, а также анализ требований к характеристикам детекторов. При проведении анализа детекторов было выявлено, что жидкостные ионизационные камеры, кремниевые диоды, алмазные детекторы, органические сцинтилляторы, радиохромная пленка, термолюминесцентные дозиметры и оптически стимулированные люминесцентные детекторы считаются подходящими для относительной дозиметрии малых фотонных полей и рекомендуются для использования в клиниках, где осуществляется радиотерапия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work is to analyze existing detectors for the relative dosimetry of small radiation fields in external beam radiation therapy and the requirements for them, consider the problems in carrying out dosimetry of small radiation fields, determine the physical conditions under which an external photon beam can be designated as a small field. In modern radiation therapy, there is an increase in the use of small static fields, which is facilitated by the general availability of standard and optional multileaf collimators and new generation treatment machines of various designs. There is growing interest in the use of such radiation techniques as stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, which are widely used small fields. This has increased the uncertainties in clinical dosimetry, especially for small fields. Accurate dosimetry of small fields is important when commissioning linear accelerators and is a difficult task, especially for very small fields used in stereotactic radiotherapy. In the course of the work, a study of topical problems in the dosimetry of small radiation fields in external beam radiation therapy has been carried out. The physical conditions under which the external photon beam can be designated as a small field are considered. A review and analysis of existing detectors for the relative dosimetry of small radiation fields, as well as an analysis of the requirements for the character. The analysis revealed that liquid ionization chambers, silicon diodes, diamond detectors, organic scintillators, radiochromic films, thermoluminescent dosimeters and optically stimulated luminescence detectors are considered suitable for relative dosimetry of small photon fields and are recommended for use in clinics where radiotherapy is performed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ионизационная камера</kwd><kwd>кремниевый диод</kwd><kwd>алмазный детектор</kwd><kwd>рентгенографическая пленка</kwd><kwd>термолюминесцентный дозиметр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ionization chamber</kwd><kwd>silicon diode</kwd><kwd>diamond detector</kwd><kwd>radiographic film</kwd><kwd>thermoluminescent dosimeter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy. 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